AI Visibility & Prominence · Metastatic breast cancer · UK

AI Visibility and Prominence in Metastatic Breast Cancer

Which treatments AI names depends on the subtype in the question.

We analysed 1,460 responses from ChatGPT, Claude, Gemini and Perplexity to 365 oncology-focused questions. The results reveal how treatment visibility and order of mention change across breast cancer subtypes, biomarkers and competing therapies.

Trastuzumab deruxtecan is named in 33% of all answers, and in 96% of the 108 answers to HER2-low and HER2-ultralow questions.

The three CDK4/6 inhibitors are named at similar rates. Palbociclib is named first in 61% of the 382 answers naming one.

Metastatic Breast Cancer

Market · UK

AI Visibility & Prominence across four AI models

AI system

All

  1. Trastuzumab deruxtecan33%
  2. Palbociclib23%
  3. Sacituzumab govitecan21%

Claude

  1. Trastuzumab deruxtecan28%
  2. Palbociclib22%
  3. Sacituzumab govitecan19%

ChatGPT

  1. Trastuzumab deruxtecan30%
  2. Palbociclib22%
  3. Fulvestrant20%

Perplexity

  1. Trastuzumab deruxtecan36%
  2. Fulvestrant28%
  3. Palbociclib25%

Gemini

  1. Trastuzumab deruxtecan35%
  2. Palbociclib22%
  3. Sacituzumab govitecan21%
perspective
Oncologists
language
English
questions
365
answers
1,460
AI systems
4
measured
20 October 2026

01 · AI Visibility

Trastuzumab deruxtecan is named in 33% of answers, palbociclib in 23%.

1,460 AI answers across ChatGPT, Claude, Gemini and Perplexity

AI system

All AI systems · 1,460 answers

  1. 1Trastuzumab deruxtecan33% · 475 of 1,460 answers
  2. 2Palbociclib23% · 333 of 1,460 answers
  3. 3Sacituzumab govitecan21% · 302 of 1,460 answers
  4. 4Fulvestrant20% · 298 of 1,460 answers
  5. 5Abemaciclib20% · 287 of 1,460 answers
  6. 6Trastuzumab19% · 283 of 1,460 answers
  7. 7Ribociclib19% · 279 of 1,460 answers
  8. 8Capecitabine15% · 221 of 1,460 answers
  9. 9Pertuzumab15% · 218 of 1,460 answers
  10. 10Trastuzumab emtansine14% · 208 of 1,460 answers
  11. 11Alpelisib13% · 183 of 1,460 answers
  12. 12Everolimus12% · 170 of 1,460 answers
  13. 13Tucatinib11% · 159 of 1,460 answers
  14. 14Capivasertib10% · 145 of 1,460 answers
  15. 15Pembrolizumab10% · 144 of 1,460 answers
  16. 16Elacestrant9% · 132 of 1,460 answers
  17. 17Olaparib8% · 119 of 1,460 answers
  18. 18Datopotamab deruxtecan8% · 113 of 1,460 answers
  19. 19Talazoparib8% · 110 of 1,460 answers
  20. 20Tamoxifen7% · 108 of 1,460 answers
Show all 62 molecules
  1. =21Exemestane7% · 98 of 1,460 answers
  2. =21Lapatinib7% · 98 of 1,460 answers
  3. 23Paclitaxel6% · 94 of 1,460 answers
  4. =24Docetaxel6% · 81 of 1,460 answers
  5. =24Inavolisib6% · 81 of 1,460 answers
  6. 26Letrozole5% · 79 of 1,460 answers
  7. 27Eribulin5% · 75 of 1,460 answers
  8. 28Gemcitabine5% · 74 of 1,460 answers
  9. 29Nab-paclitaxel5% · 73 of 1,460 answers
  10. =30Neratinib5% · 71 of 1,460 answers
  11. =30Vinorelbine5% · 71 of 1,460 answers
  12. 32Imlunestrant4% · 64 of 1,460 answers
  13. 33Camizestrant4% · 62 of 1,460 answers
  14. 34Atezolizumab4% · 61 of 1,460 answers
  15. =35Anastrozole4% · 53 of 1,460 answers
  16. =35Carboplatin4% · 53 of 1,460 answers
  17. 37GiredestrantInvestigational3% · 38 of 1,460 answers
  18. 38Vepdegestrant2% · 28 of 1,460 answers
  19. 39Patritumab deruxtecanInvestigational1% · 19 of 1,460 answers
  20. 40Pegylated liposomal doxorubicin1% · 15 of 1,460 answers
  21. =41Sacituzumab tirumotecanInvestigational1% · 13 of 1,460 answers
  22. =41ZovegalisibInvestigational1% · 13 of 1,460 answers
  23. 43Trastuzumab rezetecanInvestigational1% · 12 of 1,460 answers
  24. 44Izalontamab brengitecanInvestigational1% · 11 of 1,460 answers
  25. 45Bevacizumab1% · 10 of 1,460 answers
  26. 46SaruparibInvestigational1% · 9 of 1,460 answers
  27. 47Goserelin1% · 8 of 1,460 answers
  28. =48DurvalumabInvestigational0% · 7 of 1,460 answers
  29. =48Gedatolisib0% · 7 of 1,460 answers
  30. =48IvonescimabInvestigational0% · 7 of 1,460 answers
  31. =48LasofoxifeneInvestigational0% · 7 of 1,460 answers
  32. =48PumitamigInvestigational0% · 7 of 1,460 answers
  33. =53AtirmociclibInvestigational0% · 6 of 1,460 answers
  34. =53TersolisibInvestigational0% · 6 of 1,460 answers
  35. =55Entrectinib0% · 4 of 1,460 answers
  36. =55Larotrectinib0% · 4 of 1,460 answers
  37. =55PalazestrantInvestigational0% · 4 of 1,460 answers
  38. =58PrifetrastatInvestigational0% · 3 of 1,460 answers
  39. =58Repotrectinib0% · 3 of 1,460 answers
  40. =58Selpercatinib0% · 3 of 1,460 answers
  41. =58ZanidatamabInvestigational0% · 3 of 1,460 answers
  42. 62Trastuzumab pamirtecanInvestigational0% · 2 of 1,460 answers

ChatGPT · 365 answers

  1. 1Trastuzumab deruxtecan30% · 110 of 365 answers
  2. 2Palbociclib22% · 80 of 365 answers
  3. 3Fulvestrant20% · 74 of 365 answers
  4. 4Abemaciclib19% · 71 of 365 answers
  5. 5Ribociclib19% · 68 of 365 answers
  6. 6Sacituzumab govitecan18% · 65 of 365 answers
  7. 7Trastuzumab16% · 60 of 365 answers
  8. 8Capecitabine14% · 52 of 365 answers
  9. =9Pertuzumab13% · 49 of 365 answers
  10. =9Trastuzumab emtansine13% · 49 of 365 answers
  11. 11Alpelisib13% · 47 of 365 answers
  12. 12Tucatinib11% · 41 of 365 answers
  13. 13Everolimus11% · 40 of 365 answers
  14. 14Capivasertib9% · 32 of 365 answers
  15. 15Elacestrant8% · 31 of 365 answers
  16. =16Olaparib8% · 30 of 365 answers
  17. =16Tamoxifen8% · 30 of 365 answers
  18. 18Pembrolizumab8% · 29 of 365 answers
  19. 19Exemestane8% · 28 of 365 answers
  20. 20Talazoparib7% · 27 of 365 answers
Show all 62 molecules
  1. 21Letrozole7% · 24 of 365 answers
  2. =22Lapatinib6% · 23 of 365 answers
  3. =22Paclitaxel6% · 23 of 365 answers
  4. =22Neratinib6% · 23 of 365 answers
  5. 25Docetaxel6% · 21 of 365 answers
  6. =26Datopotamab deruxtecan5% · 20 of 365 answers
  7. =26Camizestrant5% · 20 of 365 answers
  8. 28Vinorelbine5% · 18 of 365 answers
  9. =29Eribulin5% · 17 of 365 answers
  10. =29Gemcitabine5% · 17 of 365 answers
  11. =29Nab-paclitaxel5% · 17 of 365 answers
  12. 32Imlunestrant4% · 14 of 365 answers
  13. =33Atezolizumab4% · 13 of 365 answers
  14. =33Anastrozole4% · 13 of 365 answers
  15. =35Inavolisib3% · 11 of 365 answers
  16. =35Carboplatin3% · 11 of 365 answers
  17. 37GiredestrantInvestigational1% · 5 of 365 answers
  18. =38Patritumab deruxtecanInvestigational1% · 4 of 365 answers
  19. =38Pegylated liposomal doxorubicin1% · 4 of 365 answers
  20. =40Vepdegestrant1% · 3 of 365 answers
  21. =40ZovegalisibInvestigational1% · 3 of 365 answers
  22. =40Izalontamab brengitecanInvestigational1% · 3 of 365 answers
  23. =43Trastuzumab rezetecanInvestigational1% · 2 of 365 answers
  24. =43SaruparibInvestigational1% · 2 of 365 answers
  25. =43Goserelin1% · 2 of 365 answers
  26. =43IvonescimabInvestigational1% · 2 of 365 answers
  27. =43LasofoxifeneInvestigational1% · 2 of 365 answers
  28. =43PalazestrantInvestigational1% · 2 of 365 answers
  29. =49Sacituzumab tirumotecanInvestigational0% · 1 of 365 answers
  30. =49PumitamigInvestigational0% · 1 of 365 answers
  31. =49AtirmociclibInvestigational0% · 1 of 365 answers
  32. =49TersolisibInvestigational0% · 1 of 365 answers
  33. =49Entrectinib0% · 1 of 365 answers
  34. =49Larotrectinib0% · 1 of 365 answers
  35. =49Repotrectinib0% · 1 of 365 answers
  36. =49Selpercatinib0% · 1 of 365 answers
  37. =57Bevacizumab0% · 0 of 365 answers
  38. =57DurvalumabInvestigational0% · 0 of 365 answers
  39. =57Gedatolisib0% · 0 of 365 answers
  40. =57PrifetrastatInvestigational0% · 0 of 365 answers
  41. =57ZanidatamabInvestigational0% · 0 of 365 answers
  42. =57Trastuzumab pamirtecanInvestigational0% · 0 of 365 answers

Claude · 365 answers

  1. 1Trastuzumab deruxtecan28% · 104 of 365 answers
  2. 2Palbociclib22% · 79 of 365 answers
  3. 3Sacituzumab govitecan19% · 70 of 365 answers
  4. 4Trastuzumab19% · 68 of 365 answers
  5. 5Fulvestrant18% · 66 of 365 answers
  6. 6Abemaciclib17% · 63 of 365 answers
  7. 7Ribociclib17% · 61 of 365 answers
  8. 8Pertuzumab13% · 47 of 365 answers
  9. 9Trastuzumab emtansine12% · 45 of 365 answers
  10. 10Capecitabine11% · 40 of 365 answers
  11. 11Pembrolizumab10% · 38 of 365 answers
  12. 12Tucatinib10% · 36 of 365 answers
  13. 13Everolimus9% · 34 of 365 answers
  14. 14Alpelisib8% · 29 of 365 answers
  15. 15Datopotamab deruxtecan7% · 26 of 365 answers
  16. =16Capivasertib7% · 24 of 365 answers
  17. =16Olaparib7% · 24 of 365 answers
  18. 18Tamoxifen6% · 23 of 365 answers
  19. =19Elacestrant6% · 22 of 365 answers
  20. =19Paclitaxel6% · 22 of 365 answers
Show all 62 molecules
  1. =19Docetaxel6% · 22 of 365 answers
  2. 22Nab-paclitaxel6% · 21 of 365 answers
  3. =23Talazoparib5% · 20 of 365 answers
  4. =23Atezolizumab5% · 20 of 365 answers
  5. =25Lapatinib5% · 18 of 365 answers
  6. =25Eribulin5% · 18 of 365 answers
  7. =27Inavolisib5% · 17 of 365 answers
  8. =27Imlunestrant5% · 17 of 365 answers
  9. =29Exemestane4% · 15 of 365 answers
  10. =29Letrozole4% · 15 of 365 answers
  11. =29Camizestrant4% · 15 of 365 answers
  12. 32Vinorelbine3% · 12 of 365 answers
  13. =33Gemcitabine3% · 11 of 365 answers
  14. =33Neratinib3% · 11 of 365 answers
  15. =33GiredestrantInvestigational3% · 11 of 365 answers
  16. =33Vepdegestrant3% · 11 of 365 answers
  17. 37Carboplatin2% · 9 of 365 answers
  18. =38Anastrozole2% · 6 of 365 answers
  19. =38Patritumab deruxtecanInvestigational2% · 6 of 365 answers
  20. =38Sacituzumab tirumotecanInvestigational2% · 6 of 365 answers
  21. =41Pegylated liposomal doxorubicin1% · 4 of 365 answers
  22. =41Izalontamab brengitecanInvestigational1% · 4 of 365 answers
  23. =41Bevacizumab1% · 4 of 365 answers
  24. =41Gedatolisib1% · 4 of 365 answers
  25. =41PumitamigInvestigational1% · 4 of 365 answers
  26. =46Trastuzumab rezetecanInvestigational1% · 3 of 365 answers
  27. =46DurvalumabInvestigational1% · 3 of 365 answers
  28. =48ZovegalisibInvestigational1% · 2 of 365 answers
  29. =48SaruparibInvestigational1% · 2 of 365 answers
  30. =48Goserelin1% · 2 of 365 answers
  31. =48IvonescimabInvestigational1% · 2 of 365 answers
  32. =48AtirmociclibInvestigational1% · 2 of 365 answers
  33. =48TersolisibInvestigational1% · 2 of 365 answers
  34. =54Entrectinib0% · 1 of 365 answers
  35. =54Larotrectinib0% · 1 of 365 answers
  36. =54PalazestrantInvestigational0% · 1 of 365 answers
  37. =54Repotrectinib0% · 1 of 365 answers
  38. =54Selpercatinib0% · 1 of 365 answers
  39. =54ZanidatamabInvestigational0% · 1 of 365 answers
  40. =54Trastuzumab pamirtecanInvestigational0% · 1 of 365 answers
  41. =61LasofoxifeneInvestigational0% · 0 of 365 answers
  42. =61PrifetrastatInvestigational0% · 0 of 365 answers

Gemini · 365 answers

  1. 1Trastuzumab deruxtecan35% · 128 of 365 answers
  2. 2Palbociclib22% · 81 of 365 answers
  3. 3Sacituzumab govitecan21% · 75 of 365 answers
  4. 4Abemaciclib20% · 72 of 365 answers
  5. 5Ribociclib19% · 71 of 365 answers
  6. 6Trastuzumab19% · 69 of 365 answers
  7. 7Fulvestrant15% · 55 of 365 answers
  8. =8Pertuzumab14% · 52 of 365 answers
  9. =8Alpelisib14% · 52 of 365 answers
  10. 10Capecitabine13% · 49 of 365 answers
  11. =11Trastuzumab emtansine12% · 45 of 365 answers
  12. =11Capivasertib12% · 45 of 365 answers
  13. 13Elacestrant11% · 41 of 365 answers
  14. 14Tucatinib10% · 36 of 365 answers
  15. 15Everolimus10% · 35 of 365 answers
  16. 16Pembrolizumab9% · 33 of 365 answers
  17. 17Datopotamab deruxtecan7% · 25 of 365 answers
  18. =18Talazoparib6% · 22 of 365 answers
  19. =18Inavolisib6% · 22 of 365 answers
  20. 20Olaparib6% · 21 of 365 answers
Show all 62 molecules
  1. =21Lapatinib5% · 20 of 365 answers
  2. =21Paclitaxel5% · 20 of 365 answers
  3. 23Docetaxel5% · 17 of 365 answers
  4. 24Tamoxifen4% · 16 of 365 answers
  5. 25Imlunestrant4% · 15 of 365 answers
  6. 26Nab-paclitaxel4% · 13 of 365 answers
  7. 27Exemestane3% · 12 of 365 answers
  8. =28Eribulin3% · 11 of 365 answers
  9. =28Gemcitabine3% · 11 of 365 answers
  10. =28Neratinib3% · 11 of 365 answers
  11. =28Vinorelbine3% · 11 of 365 answers
  12. =28Camizestrant3% · 11 of 365 answers
  13. =28Carboplatin3% · 11 of 365 answers
  14. =28GiredestrantInvestigational3% · 11 of 365 answers
  15. 35Atezolizumab2% · 9 of 365 answers
  16. =36Letrozole2% · 8 of 365 answers
  17. =36Anastrozole2% · 8 of 365 answers
  18. 38Vepdegestrant1% · 5 of 365 answers
  19. =39ZovegalisibInvestigational1% · 4 of 365 answers
  20. =39Izalontamab brengitecanInvestigational1% · 4 of 365 answers
  21. =41Patritumab deruxtecanInvestigational1% · 3 of 365 answers
  22. =41Sacituzumab tirumotecanInvestigational1% · 3 of 365 answers
  23. =41Trastuzumab rezetecanInvestigational1% · 3 of 365 answers
  24. =44SaruparibInvestigational1% · 2 of 365 answers
  25. =44Goserelin1% · 2 of 365 answers
  26. =44Gedatolisib1% · 2 of 365 answers
  27. =44LasofoxifeneInvestigational1% · 2 of 365 answers
  28. =44TersolisibInvestigational1% · 2 of 365 answers
  29. =49Pegylated liposomal doxorubicin0% · 1 of 365 answers
  30. =49Bevacizumab0% · 1 of 365 answers
  31. =49DurvalumabInvestigational0% · 1 of 365 answers
  32. =49IvonescimabInvestigational0% · 1 of 365 answers
  33. =49PumitamigInvestigational0% · 1 of 365 answers
  34. =49AtirmociclibInvestigational0% · 1 of 365 answers
  35. =49Entrectinib0% · 1 of 365 answers
  36. =49Larotrectinib0% · 1 of 365 answers
  37. =49PrifetrastatInvestigational0% · 1 of 365 answers
  38. =49ZanidatamabInvestigational0% · 1 of 365 answers
  39. =49Trastuzumab pamirtecanInvestigational0% · 1 of 365 answers
  40. =60PalazestrantInvestigational0% · 0 of 365 answers
  41. =60Repotrectinib0% · 0 of 365 answers
  42. =60Selpercatinib0% · 0 of 365 answers

Perplexity · 365 answers

  1. 1Trastuzumab deruxtecan36% · 133 of 365 answers
  2. 2Fulvestrant28% · 103 of 365 answers
  3. 3Palbociclib25% · 93 of 365 answers
  4. 4Sacituzumab govitecan25% · 92 of 365 answers
  5. 5Trastuzumab24% · 86 of 365 answers
  6. 6Abemaciclib22% · 81 of 365 answers
  7. 7Capecitabine22% · 80 of 365 answers
  8. 8Ribociclib22% · 79 of 365 answers
  9. 9Pertuzumab19% · 70 of 365 answers
  10. 10Trastuzumab emtansine19% · 69 of 365 answers
  11. 11Everolimus17% · 61 of 365 answers
  12. 12Alpelisib15% · 55 of 365 answers
  13. 13Tucatinib13% · 46 of 365 answers
  14. =14Capivasertib12% · 44 of 365 answers
  15. =14Pembrolizumab12% · 44 of 365 answers
  16. =14Olaparib12% · 44 of 365 answers
  17. 17Exemestane12% · 43 of 365 answers
  18. 18Datopotamab deruxtecan12% · 42 of 365 answers
  19. 19Talazoparib11% · 41 of 365 answers
  20. 20Tamoxifen11% · 39 of 365 answers
Show all 62 molecules
  1. 21Elacestrant10% · 38 of 365 answers
  2. 22Lapatinib10% · 37 of 365 answers
  3. 23Gemcitabine10% · 35 of 365 answers
  4. 24Letrozole9% · 32 of 365 answers
  5. 25Inavolisib8% · 31 of 365 answers
  6. 26Vinorelbine8% · 30 of 365 answers
  7. =27Paclitaxel8% · 29 of 365 answers
  8. =27Eribulin8% · 29 of 365 answers
  9. =29Neratinib7% · 26 of 365 answers
  10. =29Anastrozole7% · 26 of 365 answers
  11. =31Nab-paclitaxel6% · 22 of 365 answers
  12. =31Carboplatin6% · 22 of 365 answers
  13. 33Docetaxel6% · 21 of 365 answers
  14. 34Atezolizumab5% · 19 of 365 answers
  15. 35Imlunestrant5% · 18 of 365 answers
  16. 36Camizestrant4% · 16 of 365 answers
  17. 37GiredestrantInvestigational3% · 11 of 365 answers
  18. 38Vepdegestrant2% · 9 of 365 answers
  19. =39Patritumab deruxtecanInvestigational2% · 6 of 365 answers
  20. =39Pegylated liposomal doxorubicin2% · 6 of 365 answers
  21. 41Bevacizumab1% · 5 of 365 answers
  22. =42ZovegalisibInvestigational1% · 4 of 365 answers
  23. =42Trastuzumab rezetecanInvestigational1% · 4 of 365 answers
  24. =44Sacituzumab tirumotecanInvestigational1% · 3 of 365 answers
  25. =44SaruparibInvestigational1% · 3 of 365 answers
  26. =44DurvalumabInvestigational1% · 3 of 365 answers
  27. =44LasofoxifeneInvestigational1% · 3 of 365 answers
  28. =48Goserelin1% · 2 of 365 answers
  29. =48IvonescimabInvestigational1% · 2 of 365 answers
  30. =48AtirmociclibInvestigational1% · 2 of 365 answers
  31. =48PrifetrastatInvestigational1% · 2 of 365 answers
  32. =52Gedatolisib0% · 1 of 365 answers
  33. =52PumitamigInvestigational0% · 1 of 365 answers
  34. =52TersolisibInvestigational0% · 1 of 365 answers
  35. =52Entrectinib0% · 1 of 365 answers
  36. =52Larotrectinib0% · 1 of 365 answers
  37. =52PalazestrantInvestigational0% · 1 of 365 answers
  38. =52Repotrectinib0% · 1 of 365 answers
  39. =52Selpercatinib0% · 1 of 365 answers
  40. =52ZanidatamabInvestigational0% · 1 of 365 answers
  41. =61Izalontamab brengitecanInvestigational0% · 0 of 365 answers
  42. =61Trastuzumab pamirtecanInvestigational0% · 0 of 365 answers

AI Visibility = share of all 1,460 answers naming the molecule, pooled across mBC subtypes. Top 20 of 62 scored molecules. Within one AI system, the share of its 365 answers; tied molecules share a rank (=).

Perplexity names 5.1 scored molecules per answer on average, ChatGPT 3.7, Gemini 3.5 and Claude 3.4. The differences between systems are mostly answer breadth, so compare ranks within a system, not levels across systems. None of this measures which system is more accurate.

02 · Competitive classes

How does AI represent your competitive class?

17 therapies. Seven competitive classes. Six clinical contexts.

Share of the answers in each subtype and biomarker cohort naming each therapy, all four AI systems combined. Each column has its own base; one system's base would be too small to report.

Share of the answers in each subtype and biomarker cohort naming each therapy, all four AI systems combined. Each column has its own base; one system's base would be too small to report.
By subtypeHR+/HER2− by biomarker
TherapyHR+/HER2−n=560HER2-positiven=228HER2-low/ultralown=108Triple-negativen=160ESR1-mutatedn=56PIK3CA/AKT1/PTENn=40
CDK4/6 inhibitors
Palbociclib44% (247 of 560 answers)6% (13 of 228 answers)4% (4 of 108 answers)0% (0 of 160 answers)18% (10 of 56 answers)38% (15 of 40 answers)
Ribociclib39% (220 of 560 answers)0% (0 of 228 answers)4% (4 of 108 answers)0% (0 of 160 answers)9% (5 of 56 answers)8% (3 of 40 answers)
Abemaciclib40% (225 of 560 answers)1% (2 of 228 answers)5% (5 of 108 answers)0% (0 of 160 answers)18% (10 of 56 answers)8% (3 of 40 answers)
Oral SERDs
Elacestrant21% (118 of 560 answers)0% (0 of 228 answers)5% (5 of 108 answers)0% (0 of 160 answers)88% (49 of 56 answers)10% (4 of 40 answers)
Camizestrant10% (58 of 560 answers)0% (0 of 228 answers)0% (0 of 108 answers)0% (0 of 160 answers)64% (36 of 56 answers)0% (0 of 40 answers)
Imlunestrant10% (54 of 560 answers)0% (0 of 228 answers)2% (2 of 108 answers)0% (0 of 160 answers)57% (32 of 56 answers)3% (1 of 40 answers)
PI3K/AKT inhibitors
Alpelisib29% (161 of 560 answers)0% (1 of 228 answers)4% (4 of 108 answers)0% (0 of 160 answers)18% (10 of 56 answers)95% (38 of 40 answers)
Capivasertib22% (125 of 560 answers)0% (1 of 228 answers)5% (5 of 108 answers)1% (2 of 160 answers)18% (10 of 56 answers)58% (23 of 40 answers)
Inavolisib12% (69 of 560 answers)0% (0 of 228 answers)1% (1 of 108 answers)0% (0 of 160 answers)4% (2 of 56 answers)60% (24 of 40 answers)
HER2 antibodies
Trastuzumab2% (10 of 560 answers)87% (198 of 228 answers)5% (5 of 108 answers)2% (3 of 160 answers)0% (0 of 56 answers)0% (0 of 40 answers)
Pertuzumab1% (4 of 560 answers)70% (160 of 228 answers)5% (5 of 108 answers)1% (2 of 160 answers)0% (0 of 56 answers)0% (0 of 40 answers)
Antibody–drug conjugates
Trastuzumab deruxtecan8% (42 of 560 answers)68% (154 of 228 answers)96% (104 of 108 answers)20% (32 of 160 answers)2% (1 of 56 answers)0% (0 of 40 answers)
Sacituzumab govitecan6% (35 of 560 answers)0% (1 of 228 answers)44% (48 of 108 answers)67% (107 of 160 answers)2% (1 of 56 answers)0% (0 of 40 answers)
Datopotamab deruxtecan2% (11 of 560 answers)1% (2 of 228 answers)6% (6 of 108 answers)27% (43 of 160 answers)0% (0 of 56 answers)0% (0 of 40 answers)
Immunotherapy
Pembrolizumab1% (6 of 560 answers)0% (0 of 228 answers)1% (1 of 108 answers)68% (108 of 160 answers)0% (0 of 56 answers)0% (0 of 40 answers)
PARP inhibitors
Olaparib5% (29 of 560 answers)0% (0 of 228 answers)2% (2 of 108 answers)31% (50 of 160 answers)0% (0 of 56 answers)0% (0 of 40 answers)
Talazoparib5% (28 of 560 answers)0% (0 of 228 answers)2% (2 of 108 answers)28% (45 of 160 answers)0% (0 of 56 answers)0% (0 of 40 answers)

Mention rate0% to 100%

  • Mention rate = share of AI answers naming the therapy.
  • The two biomarker columns are subsets of the HR+/HER2− questions — those that name the biomarker. One question is in both.

03 · Named and named first

Being named is not the same as being named first.

AI Visibility shows whether a treatment is named, across all 1,460 answers. Named first shows whether it is the first member of its class an answer names, among the answers naming any member of that class.

CDK4/6 inhibitors: similar AI Visibility, a very different order of mention.

Palbociclib, abemaciclib and ribociclib are named in 23%, 20% and 19% of all answers. Of the 382 answers naming a CDK4/6 inhibitor, palbociclib is named first in 233 (61%), ribociclib in 86 (23%) and abemaciclib in 61 (16%).

Named first is a share of the 382 answers naming a CDK4/6 inhibitor, not of all 1,460 answers.

  • AI Visibility · all answers
  • Named first · answers naming the class

  • Palbociclib

    AI Visibility · all answers23%333 of 1,460 answers

    Named first · answers naming the class61%233 of 382 answers · 16% of all 1,460

  • Ribociclib

    AI Visibility · all answers19%279 of 1,460 answers

    Named first · answers naming the class23%86 of 382 answers · 6% of all 1,460

  • Abemaciclib

    AI Visibility · all answers20%287 of 1,460 answers

    Named first · answers naming the class16%61 of 382 answers · 4% of all 1,460

  • AtirmociclibInvestigational

    AI Visibility · all answers0%6 of 1,460 answers

    Named first · answers naming the class1%2 of 382 answers · 0% of all 1,460

Order of first mention often follows conventional listing order (for example approval chronology) or treatment sequence. It does not indicate preference.

The other competitive classes

Endocrine and ER-directed therapies427 answers name an endocrine or ER-directed therapy
  • AI Visibility · all answers
  • Named first · answers naming the class

  • Fulvestrant

    AI Visibility · all answers20%298 of 1,460 answers

    Named first · answers naming the class37%158 of 427 answers · 11% of all 1,459

  • Elacestrant

    AI Visibility · all answers9%132 of 1,460 answers

    Named first · answers naming the class19%80 of 427 answers · 5% of all 1,459

  • Tamoxifen

    AI Visibility · all answers7%108 of 1,460 answers

    Named first · answers naming the class16%67 of 427 answers · 5% of all 1,459

  • Letrozole

    AI Visibility · all answers5%79 of 1,460 answers

    Named first · answers naming the class10%44 of 427 answers · 3% of all 1,459

  • Exemestane

    AI Visibility · all answers7%98 of 1,460 answers

    Named first · answers naming the class4%19 of 427 answers · 1% of all 1,459

  • Camizestrant

    AI Visibility · all answers4%62 of 1,460 answers

    Named first · answers naming the class4%19 of 427 answers · 1% of all 1,459

  • Anastrozole

    AI Visibility · all answers4%53 of 1,460 answers

    Named first · answers naming the class4%15 of 427 answers · 1% of all 1,459

  • GiredestrantInvestigational

    AI Visibility · all answers3%38 of 1,460 answers

    Named first · answers naming the class2%9 of 427 answers · 1% of all 1,459

  • Imlunestrant

    AI Visibility · all answers4%64 of 1,460 answers

    Named first · answers naming the class2%8 of 427 answers · 1% of all 1,459

  • Goserelin

    AI Visibility · all answers1%8 of 1,460 answers

    Named first · answers naming the class1%3 of 427 answers · 0% of all 1,459

  • Vepdegestrant

    AI Visibility · all answers2%28 of 1,460 answers

    Named first · answers naming the class1%3 of 427 answers · 0% of all 1,459

  • PalazestrantInvestigational

    AI Visibility · all answers0%4 of 1,460 answers

    Named first · answers naming the class0%2 of 427 answers · 0% of all 1,459

  • LasofoxifeneInvestigational

    AI Visibility · all answers0%7 of 1,460 answers

    Named first · answers naming the class0%0 of 427 answers · 0% of all 1,459

PI3K/AKT/mTOR inhibitors299 answers name a PI3K/AKT/mTOR inhibitor
  • AI Visibility · all answers
  • Named first · answers naming the class

  • Alpelisib

    AI Visibility · all answers13%183 of 1,460 answers

    Named first · answers naming the class39%117 of 299 answers · 8% of all 1,460

  • Everolimus

    AI Visibility · all answers12%170 of 1,460 answers

    Named first · answers naming the class35%104 of 299 answers · 7% of all 1,460

  • Capivasertib

    AI Visibility · all answers10%145 of 1,460 answers

    Named first · answers naming the class14%41 of 299 answers · 3% of all 1,460

  • Inavolisib

    AI Visibility · all answers6%81 of 1,460 answers

    Named first · answers naming the class10%29 of 299 answers · 2% of all 1,460

  • ZovegalisibInvestigational

    AI Visibility · all answers1%13 of 1,460 answers

    Named first · answers naming the class2%6 of 299 answers · 0% of all 1,460

  • Gedatolisib

    AI Visibility · all answers0%7 of 1,460 answers

    Named first · answers naming the class1%2 of 299 answers · 0% of all 1,460

  • TersolisibInvestigational

    AI Visibility · all answers0%6 of 1,460 answers

    Named first · answers naming the class0%0 of 299 answers · 0% of all 1,460

HER2-directed therapies605 answers name a HER2-directed therapy
  • AI Visibility · all answers
  • Named first · answers naming the class

  • Trastuzumab deruxtecan

    AI Visibility · all answers33%475 of 1,460 answers

    Named first · answers naming the class55%332 of 605 answers · 23% of all 1,460

  • Trastuzumab

    AI Visibility · all answers19%283 of 1,460 answers

    Named first · answers naming the class24%146 of 605 answers · 10% of all 1,460

  • Trastuzumab emtansine

    AI Visibility · all answers14%208 of 1,460 answers

    Named first · answers naming the class6%37 of 605 answers · 3% of all 1,460

  • Tucatinib

    AI Visibility · all answers11%159 of 1,460 answers

    Named first · answers naming the class6%35 of 605 answers · 2% of all 1,460

  • Pertuzumab

    AI Visibility · all answers15%218 of 1,460 answers

    Named first · answers naming the class4%22 of 605 answers · 2% of all 1,460

  • Lapatinib

    AI Visibility · all answers7%98 of 1,460 answers

    Named first · answers naming the class3%17 of 605 answers · 1% of all 1,460

  • Neratinib

    AI Visibility · all answers5%71 of 1,460 answers

    Named first · answers naming the class2%13 of 605 answers · 1% of all 1,460

  • Trastuzumab rezetecanInvestigational

    AI Visibility · all answers1%12 of 1,460 answers

    Named first · answers naming the class0%2 of 605 answers · 0% of all 1,460

  • ZanidatamabInvestigational

    AI Visibility · all answers0%3 of 1,460 answers

    Named first · answers naming the class0%1 of 605 answers · 0% of all 1,460

  • Trastuzumab pamirtecanInvestigational

    AI Visibility · all answers0%2 of 1,460 answers

    Named first · answers naming the class0%0 of 605 answers · 0% of all 1,460

Antibody–drug conjugates628 answers name an antibody–drug conjugate
  • AI Visibility · all answers
  • Named first · answers naming the class

  • Trastuzumab deruxtecan

    AI Visibility · all answers33%475 of 1,460 answers

    Named first · answers naming the class57%360 of 628 answers · 25% of all 1,460

  • Sacituzumab govitecan

    AI Visibility · all answers21%302 of 1,460 answers

    Named first · answers naming the class24%148 of 628 answers · 10% of all 1,460

  • Trastuzumab emtansine

    AI Visibility · all answers14%208 of 1,460 answers

    Named first · answers naming the class12%77 of 628 answers · 5% of all 1,460

  • Datopotamab deruxtecan

    AI Visibility · all answers8%113 of 1,460 answers

    Named first · answers naming the class4%24 of 628 answers · 2% of all 1,460

  • Patritumab deruxtecanInvestigational

    AI Visibility · all answers1%19 of 1,460 answers

    Named first · answers naming the class2%10 of 628 answers · 1% of all 1,460

  • Sacituzumab tirumotecanInvestigational

    AI Visibility · all answers1%13 of 1,460 answers

    Named first · answers naming the class1%4 of 628 answers · 0% of all 1,460

  • Izalontamab brengitecanInvestigational

    AI Visibility · all answers1%11 of 1,460 answers

    Named first · answers naming the class1%4 of 628 answers · 0% of all 1,460

  • Trastuzumab rezetecanInvestigational

    AI Visibility · all answers1%12 of 1,460 answers

    Named first · answers naming the class0%1 of 628 answers · 0% of all 1,460

  • Trastuzumab pamirtecanInvestigational

    AI Visibility · all answers0%2 of 1,460 answers

    Named first · answers naming the class0%0 of 628 answers · 0% of all 1,460

PARP inhibitors122 answers name a PARP inhibitor
  • AI Visibility · all answers
  • Named first · answers naming the class

  • Olaparib

    AI Visibility · all answers8%119 of 1,460 answers

    Named first · answers naming the class88%107 of 122 answers · 7% of all 1,460

  • Talazoparib

    AI Visibility · all answers8%110 of 1,460 answers

    Named first · answers naming the class8%10 of 122 answers · 1% of all 1,460

  • SaruparibInvestigational

    AI Visibility · all answers1%9 of 1,460 answers

    Named first · answers naming the class4%5 of 122 answers · 0% of all 1,460

Immunotherapy164 answers name an immunotherapy
  • AI Visibility · all answers
  • Named first · answers naming the class

  • Pembrolizumab

    AI Visibility · all answers10%144 of 1,460 answers

    Named first · answers naming the class81%133 of 164 answers · 9% of all 1,460

  • Atezolizumab

    AI Visibility · all answers4%61 of 1,460 answers

    Named first · answers naming the class12%20 of 164 answers · 1% of all 1,460

  • DurvalumabInvestigational

    AI Visibility · all answers0%7 of 1,460 answers

    Named first · answers naming the class2%4 of 164 answers · 0% of all 1,460

  • PumitamigInvestigational

    AI Visibility · all answers0%7 of 1,460 answers

    Named first · answers naming the class2%4 of 164 answers · 0% of all 1,460

  • IvonescimabInvestigational

    AI Visibility · all answers0%7 of 1,460 answers

    Named first · answers naming the class2%3 of 164 answers · 0% of all 1,460

Named first is for the four AI systems combined. There is no per-system order of mention in this measurement.

04 · Clinical context

The clinical context in the question changes which treatments are named.

Each figure is a share of one context's answers, all four AI systems combined. The bases are small, and no figure is evidence about a treatment.

  • HER2-low and HER2-ultralow

    HER2-low/ultralow108 answers

    • Trastuzumab deruxtecan96%104 of 108
    • Sacituzumab govitecan44%48 of 108
    • Datopotamab deruxtecan6%6 of 108

    In the 108 answers to HER2-low and HER2-ultralow questions, trastuzumab deruxtecan is named in 104, sacituzumab govitecan in 48 and datopotamab deruxtecan in 6.

    A small base. Being named this often is not evidence of clinical superiority.

  • HER2-positive

    HER2-positive228 answers

    • Trastuzumab87%198 of 228
    • Trastuzumab deruxtecan68%154 of 228

    Of the 222 HER2-positive answers naming a HER2-directed therapy, trastuzumab is named first in 97 (44%) and trastuzumab deruxtecan in 58 (26%).

    Order of first mention here often follows treatment sequence, with the first-line trastuzumab backbone named first. It does not indicate preference.

  • CDK4/6 inhibitors

    Named at similar rates, named first very differently: see named first within each class.

  • Biomarker-restricted therapies

    ESR1-mutated56 answers

    • Elacestrant88%49 of 56
    • Camizestrant64%36 of 56
    • Imlunestrant57%32 of 56

    PIK3CA/AKT1/PTEN40 answers

    • Alpelisib95%38 of 40
    • Inavolisib60%24 of 40
    • Capivasertib58%23 of 40

    When the question names the biomarker, the therapies named change: elacestrant is named in 88% of ESR1-mutated answers and 21% of all HR+/HER2− answers; alpelisib in 95% of PIK3CA/AKT1/PTEN answers and 29% of all HR+/HER2− answers.

    Small bases: 56 and 40 answers. Both cohorts are subsets of the HR+/HER2− questions.

  • Triple-negative

    Triple-negative160 answers

    • Pembrolizumab68%108 of 160
    • Sacituzumab govitecan67%107 of 160

    In the 160 answers to triple-negative questions, pembrolizumab is named in 108 and sacituzumab govitecan in 107.

    AI Visibility only.

05 · Emerging Phase III assets

A pre-ESMO 2026 baseline, to be re-measured.

How often each asset is named in the answers to questions that ask about it, and how often in every other answer, kept apart. All four AI systems combined.

AssetStatusNamed in answers to questions about itNamed in other answers
GiredestrantInvestigational21 of 4844%15
Patritumab deruxtecanInvestigational12 of 4427%3
Sacituzumab tirumotecanInvestigational9 of 4819%1
ZovegalisibInvestigational11 of 4028%2
Trastuzumab rezetecanInvestigational10 of 4423%1
Izalontamab brengitecanInvestigational9 of 5616%1
SaruparibInvestigational9 of 3228%0
DurvalumabInvestigational1 of 166%3
IvonescimabInvestigational7 of 2825%0
LasofoxifeneInvestigational3 of 486%4
PumitamigInvestigational5 of 2818%1
AtirmociclibInvestigational6 of 3617%0
TersolisibInvestigational5 of 4013%1
PalazestrantInvestigational0 of 480%3
PrifetrastatInvestigational3 of 329%0
ZanidatamabInvestigational3 of 2413%0
Trastuzumab pamirtecanInvestigational2 of 405%0
  • Every asset here is investigational in metastatic breast cancer.
  • Low visibility is not low clinical promise. This is how often AI names an asset before ESMO 2026, not a judgement of it.
  • The bases are small and differ by asset; each is shown beside its figure.

Full assessment

What a full assessment reveals

Example: Your brandMetastatic breast cancer · UK

  • Competitive positioning

    Your brand vs competitorsYour brandCompetitor ACompetitor BCompetitor C

  • Product attributes

    EfficacySafetyDosingOutcomesYour brandCompetitor ACompetitor B

  • Source intelligence

    Sources shaping the answerGuidelinesPublicationsPharma-ownedHCP / professional

This public benchmark shows which treatments AI names, and which it names first, by subtype, competitive class and AI system. A Theralexis assessment goes further: how your brand is positioned against its competitors, what shapes how AI describes it, and where the strategic opportunities are.

Your market

Interested in a full assessment?

Go beyond AI Visibility. Understand how AI represents your brand at key HCP decision moments, how you compare with competitors, and where opportunities exist to strengthen your competitive position.

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About this benchmark

What was measured

AI representation analysis of 1,460 answers from four web-enabled AI models (ChatGPT, Claude, Gemini, Perplexity) to 365 English-language, healthcare-professional-style questions about metastatic breast cancer, collected 20 October 2026. Visibility = share of answers naming a therapy. Neither visibility nor order of mention indicates clinical efficacy, safety, preference or recommendation.

The 365 questions were written in English from a healthcare-professional, oncology perspective, and 62 molecules were scored in the 1,460 answers. No country persona was applied, and the questions were not localised to UK clinical practice: UK is this publication's market designation, not evidence that the answers are specifically representative of practice in the UK. The figures are QA-adjusted. Small bases: 108 answers for HER2-low/ultralow, 56 for ESR1-mutated and 40 for PIK3CA/AKT1/PTEN, all four AI systems combined. Unscored agents are not ranked and are not zero.

Definitions, scope and limitations

One measurement: ChatGPT, Claude, Gemini and Perplexity, each with web search, answered the same English-language questions about metastatic breast cancer, written from a healthcare-professional, oncology perspective, once each, on 20 October 2026. UK is this publication's market designation. No country persona was applied when the answers were generated, and the questions were not localised to UK clinical practice, so the answers are not specific to the UK.

AI Visibility — the share of answers in scope that name a molecule at least once, by its international non-proprietary name or a brand name. The figures are QA-adjusted: mentions the automated scoring found but the answer does not support were removed, and verified mentions it missed were added.

Named first — within a competitive class, the share of the answers naming any member of the class in which a therapy is the first member named. The same count as a share of all answers is shown beside it. AI Visibility and named first come from two separate measurements of the same answers; no figure combines them. One answer in the endocrine class could not be scored for order and is left out of that class's base, not estimated.

Subtypes and biomarker cohorts — read from each question's wording. HER2-low and HER2-ultralow are combined. The ESR1-mutated and PIK3CA/AKT1/PTEN cohorts are the HR+/HER2− questions that name the biomarker; one question is in both. The bases are small, which is why no figure for a single AI system is shown for a subtype or cohort.

Investigational — the one status this page states, for the emerging Phase III assets. No regulatory status in any country is stated for any other therapy.

What this does not show

Order of mention is not a preference, a recommendation or a clinical priority, and being named says nothing about efficacy, safety or how a treatment is described. Therapies are compared within a clinical context, not across contexts. Agents that were not scored, such as margetuximab, cyclophosphamide and cisplatin, are not ranked and are not zero. One collection date, and web-search answers change over time. Four lighter-tier AI systems with web search, one answer per question per system; differences between systems are mostly how many treatments an answer names, not accuracy.

Publisher
Theralexis
Market
Metastatic breast cancer · United Kingdom
Perspective
Oncologists
Country persona
None applied
Language
English
Questions
365
Answers
1,460
Measured
Published
Tracked
62 scored molecules
AI systems measured
ChatGPT, Claude, Gemini, Perplexity